In recent years, domestic tea machinery research is mainly: famous tea processing machinery, maturation and continuous production line maturity, energy-saving machinery, special tea continuous production line, tea machine automation control system, tea garden machinery. The main objectives of the above research are: to improve tea quality, increase production, reduce operators, reduce labor intensity, save energy, and improve the degree of cleanliness. Other high-end tea machines are developed: tea intelligent color sorting machine, tea automatic packaging production line, intelligent tea picking machine. Foreign tea machinery research is mainly: large-scale black tea production line, tea machine automatic control system, tea garden machinery, green tea machinery.

With the increase in the demand for black tea and white tea, the continuous production line of black tea and white tea has developed rapidly. In addition, tea making machinery that improves the quality of tea and reduces labor intensity has also developed rapidly.

I. Progress in the recent development of single-machine tea processing machinery

The baking and fragrant machine is a whole-chassis structure, generally single-opening door, and a rotating multi-layer drying rack is arranged inside, and a universal wheel is arranged at the bottom of the oven for movement. The heat source of the baking and flavoring machine is mostly electric heating hot air, the temperature and time are automatically controlled, the operation is simple, safe and reliable. The temperature is freely set between 0-150 degrees, which can be dried and baked. It is also suitable for the drying operation of Chinese herbal medicines, health tea and some agricultural products. The scope of use is very wide.

With the pursuit of the aroma of the tea industry, as well as the requirement for simple machinery and convenient operation, the demand for baking and flavoring machines is increasing. The baking fragrant machine is very suitable for drying and fragrant small batches of famous tea.

The reciprocating vibrating stripping machine is the most mature and widely used tea stripping machine. The number of pots in the tea industry has been from 3 to 11 tanks. In recent years, there have been more than 12-slot large-capacity cross-cutting machines, and the demand for the number of grooves with more than 12 slots is also large. The pursuit of a single mechanism of large amounts of tea is the main reason for the emergence of large-capacity machine. Secondly, the policy of the tea machine in the national agricultural machinery subsidy policy does not make up the small policy. The large-scale drawing machine also brings defects such as uneven temperature on the surface of the pot and the difficulty of manual overturning of the pot of the processor. The large-scale drawing machine generally relieves these defects by electric heating and adding a motorized turning device.

Second, the progress of the tea clean continuous production line in recent years

Gongfu black tea clean and continuous production line

Following the sizzling of oolong tea and Pu'er tea, black tea has become a popular variety in recent years, driving the vigorous development of black tea throughout the country. The clean and continuous production line of Gongfu black tea has also developed rapidly. The clean and continuous production line of Gongcha black tea is generally composed of withering, smashing, deblocking, fermentation, initial drying, drying and re-drying modules.

China's earliest research is the clean and continuous production line of green tea. The clean and continuous production line of black tea is developed on the basis of green tea production line. The biggest difference between black tea production line and green tea production line is that the black tea production line has withered and fermented modules. Most of the withering modules adopt a tandem mesh belt structure similar to a tea dryer, with one input and the other output. The latest structure of the withering module is a loop network belt structure, one input, repeated cycles, withered and completed. The advantages of the recirculating mesh belt withering machine are: uniform withering, large yield, and easy control of withering degree. The continuous fermentation machine in the fermentation module is placed in a closed space with controlled temperature and humidity, and the fermentation operation is completed by high humidity, suitable temperature and a certain time. The latest structure is a series of two continuous fermentation machines in series to complete the variable temperature fermentation and fully transpose the fermented leaves.

White tea clean and continuous production line

In recent years, the demand for white tea market has increased greatly, which has led to the development of clean and continuous production lines of white tea. The white tea production line is mainly composed of green storage, daylight withering, drying, stacking and drying modules.

Third, tea garden machinery has made progress in recent years

The riding type tea picker has low labor intensity and is suitable for large-scale tea gardens. In the past, this type of machinery was only produced in Japan, and in recent years, it has also been successfully developed in China. Its characteristics are: (1) walking, picking and air supply are completed by one engine; (2) small trucks with a load of 750 kg can be transported; (3) the state of the cutting blades and tea bags can be seen during the walking; 4) It is driven by oil pressure and runs smoothly and smoothly; (5) It is simple in structure and easy to maintain.

The high-gap self-propelled tea garden multi-function management machine and supporting equipment realize the operation of crossing the tea shed into the narrow tea line. The machine is suspended and equipped with two sets of vertical rotary cutter rollers for cultivating and weeding operations; two sets of vibrating deep-loose working parts are arranged for suspension for deep loosening of tea roots; two sets of fertilizing mechanisms are arranged above the rear chassis of the machine. In the process of cultivating weeding or deep loosening, complete the deep application of fertilizer; the rear part of the whole machine is equipped with a folding spray boom for tea plant value control or foliar application; four sets of trimming mechanisms can be completed at the same time. The pruning of the tea tree is carried out; the high-power fan is equipped with a new type of suction port, and the tea garden pests are picked up by vibration, and the insects are sucked into the collecting device to complete the tea planting operation. The realization of the above-mentioned work functions is completed by hydraulic drive.

Fourth, the breakthrough of tea machine design theory

For a long time, the design of tea machines should be carried out in accordance with the principle of “mechanism obeying tea”. "Tea" refers to the theory of tea making technology, and "mechanism" refers to the working principle and structural principle of tea making machinery. "Tea" is gradually formed in the practice of long-term tea making. But it is very regrettable that "tea theory" is formed on the basis of the original handmade tea production, often because of the backwardness of technology and production tools, the next policy has become the best policy. With the emergence of new technologies and new machinery, we should question the design of tea machines such as “mechanism obeys tea”.

In the past two years, some tea-making techniques have been rethought, to name a few: (1) In order to make the tea green tea greener, only the diameter of the tea-green drum will be increased; (2) the tea processing process needs to be constantly re-evolved; (3) In order to reduce the variety of broken ends, the end of the tea, only cut off the foot.

For example, for a long time, we will only use the caliber of the tanning machine from 30 to 40, to 50, 60, 80, etc. It is really impossible, and then blowing, is deeply affected by the above theory.

The end heating drum tea green machine is basically closed at both ends, which is not in line with the tea greening operation to strengthen the ventilation and ventilation to the green tea theory, but the tea leaves of the end heating roller machine are very green. The end heating roller greening machine has the following major advantages: (1) The water loss of the green leaves is uniform inside and outside, the color is green, there is no focal edge, the tea leaves, no need to spread the moisture; (2) low energy consumption, such as 50 ordinary electricity The heating power of the rolling machine is 26kw, and the heating power of the heating drum at the two ends of the same specification is only 18kw; (3) The structure is simple.

There is a large flat plate above the trough pot on the heating strip machine, which is not in line with the "tea" of the tea greening operation to strengthen the ventilation and ventilation, but also the green machine. Compared with the traditional drawing machine, the upper heating machine has the advantages of low energy consumption, good quality in picking, no need to regain moisture, and light vibration. Nowadays, the roller-removing machine has the disadvantage of being incapable of shape. The ordinary rule-making machine can't be smashed, and the hot-rolling machine can not only shape and kill.

Although the tea processing mechanization has been basically realized, the tea machinery industry still has the following main problems: (1) the level of tea machine manufacturing is low; (2) the quality of tea production is not ideal; (3) the tea production rate is not high, and the broken tea is much; 4) Most tea factories need more labor and labor intensity; (5) continuous, clean, automated production lines are few and not fully mature; (6) high energy consumption of tea; (7) tea garden machinery is very lack of.

Looking into the future, the development direction of tea machinery and equipment is: high quality tea, high output, saving tea, high energy saving, high degree of cleanliness, low labor intensity, high degree of automation, and popularization of tea garden machinery.